>Regulated genes
>1|P43463|HTH-type transcriptional activator aarP|Providencia stuartii|AraC
AarP activates transcription of the acc(2')Ia gene that codifies 2'-N-acetyltransferase capable of acetylating both peptidoglycan and certain aminoglycoside antibiotics.
AarP probably activates genes involved in antibiotic resistance. Multiple copies of AarP in E. coli activate the endonuclease IV nfo gene in the SoxRS regulon.
>2|P34000|HTH-type transcriptional regulator acrR (Potential acrAB operon repressor)|Escherichia coli O6|TetR
AcrR represses the expression of the acrAB operon.
The operon acrAB encodes the AcrAB multidrug efflux pump.
The acrAB operon does not contains a gene coding for an outer membrane channel.
TolC is required as a component of the AcrAB efflux machinery. TolC is upregulated by MarA.
The TolC channel-tunnel spans the bacterial outer membrane and periplasm, providing a large exit duct for the AcrAB multidrug efflux pump.
AcrA is a periplasmic lipoprotein whose amino-terminus is anchored to the inner membrane. AcrA belongs to the membrane fusion proteins family (MFP).
In the mature AcrA sequence, two hydrophobic regions exist near the N and C termini. These regions are universally present among MFP members and may serve as regions for interaction with cytoplasmic and outer membrane components of the pump.
AcrB is the inner membrane protein of the pump with 12 transmembrane segments. AcrB belongs to the resistance-nodulation-division family (RND).
The AcrAB-TolC system pumps out and extraordinarily wide variety of antibiotics, basic dyes, detergents and chemotherapeutic agents, determining the intrinsic drug resistance of Escherichia coli.
This complex transverse both the inner and the outer membranes of Escheria coli and catalyzes efflux of the drugs directly into the medium.
Although AcrAB contribute to the intrinsic drug resistance of Escherichia coli against compounds such us antibiotics, basic dyes, detergents and chemotherapeutic agents, these compounds are not found in the natural enviroment of this bacterium. It seems likely that the AcrAB efflux system may have evolved for other purposes. The natural enviroment of enteric bacteria such as Escherichi coli is enriched in bile salt and fatty acids. Resistance to these compounds is mediated by AcrAB efflux system.
It seems likely that the original function of this efflux pump would be confers resistance to bile salt and fatty acids.
In Escherichia coli, acrAB confers resistance to quinolones exporting them to the medium. Quinolones are among the most potent, broad-spectrum, antimicrobial agents.
However quinolones are used as extracellular signals in quorum-sensing systems such as the 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS). This quinolone activates quorum-sensing-regulated virulence factors through a LuxR homolog in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
SdiA is a LuxR homolog in Escherichia coli that controls cell division by regulating the expresion of the ftsQAZ operon (operon for cell division), besides Sdi causes quinolone resistance though regulating the expresion of the AcrAB efflux system. PQS are not bactericidal against Escherichia coli.
These facts suggest that a natural function of the AcrAB efflux system may be the export quorum-sensing signals for cell-cell comunication such as quinolones, that would be necessary for controlling cell division. Drugs may resemble the communication molecules normally effluxed.
The acrAB operon plays a critical role in the organic solvent tolerance of E. coli.
The expression of the gene micF would be under the AcrR control. This gene encodes an antisense RNA that negatively controls expression the major porin OmpF.
>4|P19219|Methylphosphotriester-DNA alkyltransferase|Bacillus subtilis|AraC
ada operon: adaA and adaB. The adaA gene encodes methylphosphotriester DNA methyltransferase, and adaB encodes an O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase.
>5|P06134|ADA regulatory protein (Regulatory protein of adaptative response) [Contains: Methylated-DNA--protein-cysteine methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.63) (O-6-methylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase)]|Escherichia coli|AraC
Ada, alkA, alkB and aidB. These genes are responsible for the so-called adaptive response, i.e., the main specific response to alkylation damage. The AlkA gene encodes a glycosylase that repairs a variety of lesions. The AlkA protein removes a damaged base from the sugar phosphate backbone by cleaving the glycosylic bond. AlkB is involved in the replication of damaged template DNA. AidB appears to inactivate nitrosoguanidines or their reactive intermediates produced during metabolic detoxification.
>6|Q10630|Putative ADA regulatory protein (Regulatory protein of adaptative response) [Contains: Methylated-DNA--protein-cysteine methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.63) (O-6-methylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase)]|Mycobacterium tuberculosis|AraC
Probably regulates the expression of AlkA, AlkB and AidB.
>8|P33234|HTH-type transcriptional regulator adiY|Escherichia coli|AraC
AdiA.
>9|Q9ZN78|A-factor receptor protein (A-factor binding protein)|Streptomyces griseus|TetR
adpA encodes an A-factor responsive transcriptional activator (AdpA) that belongs to the AraC/XylS family.
AdpA is able to bind the promoter of strR and activates the strR expression, a pathway specific regulator gene responsible for transcription of the streptomycin biosynthetic genes.
StrR is a DNA-binding protein which specifically binds the promoter region of strB1, one of the streptomycin biosynthesis gene. It is believed that StrR activates the expression of streptomycin biosynthetic genes by interacting with multiple binding sites within the str-sts gene cluster of Streptomyces griseus.
The adsA product is an extracytoplamic function sigma factor (ECF) that is named sigma-AdsA which is necessary for aerial hyphae formation.
Sigma-AdsA is involved only in morphological development and not in secondary metabolic function.
>10|P43464|Transcriptional activator aggR (AAF/I regulatory protein)|Escherichia coli|AraC
aggA: gene for aggregative adherence fimbria I expression in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) strains.
aafA and aafD: genes for aggregative adherence fimbria II (a second EAEC fimbrial antigen, designated AAF/II), in prototype EAEC strain 042.
>13|P05052|HTH-type transcriptional regulator appY (M5 polypeptide)|Escherichia coli|AraC
AppY induces transcription of the hya operon which encodes hydrogenase 1, and the cbdAB-appA operon which encodes cytochrome bd-II oxidase and acid phosphatase.
>14|P11765|Arabinose operon regulatory protein|Citrobacter freundii|AraC
AraC regulates the transcription of the genes involved in L-arabinose transport and catabolism. AraC regulates the araBAD operon and it also controls its own synthesis.
>15|P03021|Arabinose operon regulatory protein|Escherichia coli O157:H7|AraC
AraC controls the expression of genes involved in the utilization of L-arabinose: araBAD which encodes three enzymes responsible for L-arabinose catabolism, araE and araFGH which encode proteins resposible for low-affinity and high affinity transport of L-arabinose.
>16|P07642|Arabinose operon regulatory protein|Erwinia chrysanthemi|AraC
AraC regulates the transcription of the genes involved in L-arabinose transport and catabolism. AraC regulates the araBAD operon and it also controls its own synthesis.
>17|P03022|Arabinose operon regulatory protein|Salmonella typhimurium|AraC
AraC regulates the transcription of the genes involved in L-arabinose transport and catabolism. AraC regulates the AraBAD operon and it also controls its own synthesis.
>25|P17446|HTH-type transcriptional regulator betI|Escherichia coli|TetR
BetI is a repressor involved in choline regulation of the bet genes: betT, and betIBA.
The bet genes are responsible of the synthesis of glycine betaine from choline: betT encodes a proton-motive-force-driven, high-affinity transport system for choline.
betA encodes an oxygen-dependent choline dehydrogenase, which can catalyse the the oxidations of choline to betaine aldehyde and betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine at the same rate.
betB encodes betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase that cathalyses betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine.
Glycine betaine serves as an osmoprotectant that can be accumulated in massive amounts in the cytoplasm without precluding normal cellular functions and cells can maintain the proper osmotic strength of the cytoplasm and thus prevent osmotic dehydration.
>35|P43506|HTH-type transcriptional repressor Bm3R1|Bacillus megaterium|TetR
Bm3R1 is a repressor implicated in the regulation of the genes that encode barbiturate-inducible proteins in Bacillus megaterium. These genes are: (1)the own bm3R1, (2)cytochromes P450BM-3 and P450BM-1 and (3)it seems that bm1P1 and bm3R1 are also regulated by Bm3R1.
P450BM-1 is also designated as CYP106.
P450BM-3 is also designated as P450102 and CYP102.
Cytochromes P450 (P450BM-3 and P450BM-1) catalyze the hydroxylation of fatty acids.
P450BM-3, in presence of NADPH and O2, can catalyze the oxygenation of long chain fatty acids.
The role of cytochrome P450s in the life cycle of Bacillus megaterium remains unclear. As fatty acid mono-oxygenase, it may be involved in the biosynthesis of specific fatty acids required for normal homeostasis or provide a protection mechanism against the harmful accumulation of the endogenously or exogenously produced fatty acids.
The possible role and mechanism of Bm3R1 in the regulation of the P450BM-1, remains unclear.
It seems that bm1P1, the gene upstream of P450BM-1 are under negative regulation of Bm3R1.
bm1P1 negatively affected basal-level expression of P450BM-1.
>37|P26950|F1 operon positive regulatory protein|Yersinia pestis|AraC
CafR regulates the transcription of the Caf1 gene that encodes the F1 capsule structural subunit.
>38|P25393|CFA/I fimbrial subunit D (Colonization factor antigen I subunit D)|Escherichia coli|AraC
Activator of the cfaABCE operon for the production of CFA/I fimbriae in enterotoxigenic E. coli strains.
>39|P17410|HTH-type transcriptional regulator chbR (Chb operon repressor)|Escherichia coli|AraC
CelD regulates the Cel operon genes (ABCDF) that allow the use of the disaccharide N,N'-diacetylchitobiose (GlcNAc)2, the major product of chitin catabolism.
It has been reported that functional analysis of the cel operon, including growth and chemotaxis revealed that the proteins encoded by the cel operon are induced by N,N'-diacetylchitobiose (GlcNAc)2, and that they catabolize the chitin disaccharide. It has been proposed to rename the cel operon as the chb operon and to change the names of the genes from celA to chbB, from celB to chbC, from celC to chbA, from celD to chbR and from celF to chbF. Sequencing evidence indicates that the operon contains an additional gene called chbG. Thus, the operon could be named chbBCARFG.
>40|P43460|HTH-type transcriptional activator csvR|Escherichia coli|AraC
CsvR activates the transcription of the genes of the operon involved in the production of CS5 fimbriae in enterotoxigenic E. coli strains.
>42|P10805|Porin thermoregulatory protein envY|Escherichia coli|AraC
OmpF and OmpC encode porins and LamB encodes the lambda envelope protein receptor.
>43|P36547|HTH-type transcriptional regulator eutR (Ethanolamine operon regulatory protein)|Escherichia coli|AraC
EutR activates the transcription of the eut operon.
>44|Q9ZFU7|HTH-type transcriptional regulator eutR (Ethanolamine operon regulatory protein)|Salmonella typhimurium|AraC
EutR activates the eut operon which encodes proteins involved in the cobalamin-dependent degradation of ethanolamine. The eut operon includes 17 genes.
Some genes of the eut operon encode apparent homologues of proteins that serve (in other organisms) as shell proteins of the carboxysome. This bacterial structure, found in photosynthetic and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, may contribute to CO2 fixation by concentrating CO2 and excluding oxygen. The presence of these homologues in the eut operon of Salmonella suggests that CO2 fixation may be a feature of ethanolamine catabolism in Salmonella.
>45|P26993|Exoenzyme S synthesis regulatory protein exsA|Pseudomonas aeruginosa|AraC
The members of the ExoS regulon are coordinately controlled at the transcriptional level by ExsA. ExsA regulates the transcription of the proteins ExoS, ExoT, ExoU and ExoY.
>46|P23774|987P fimbrial operon positive regulatory protein fapR|Escherichia coli|AraC
The FapR activates the promoter of the 987P  gene cluster, located upsteam of the fimbrial subunit gene fapC.
>47|Q47129|Transcriptional activator feaR|Escherichia coli|AraC
The monoamino oxidase maoA.
>60|P41782|Transcriptional regulator hilD|Salmonella typhimurium|AraC
The HilD protein is involved in the expression of the HilA gene which is encoded on Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1).
>61|P31778|Regulatory protein hrpB|Ralstonia solanacearum|AraC
HrpB control the expression of hrp genes. It promotes the expression of five out of six hrp transcription units and probably other genes linked to the hrp gene cluster.
>64|P39437|Invasion protein invF|Salmonella typhimurium|AraC
InvF is required for the expresion of sigD and sicA. InvF participates in the regulation of sigDE.
>69|O33813|Lactose operon transcription activator|Staphylococcus xylosus|AraC
LacR regulates the transcription of the genes lacP and lacH that encode the lactose permease and the beta-galactosidase proteins.
>70|P28808|Thermoregulatory protein lcrF|Yersinia pestis|AraC
YopE.
>72|P21308|HTH-type transcriptional regulator luxR|Vibrio harveyi|TetR
LuxR is required for the expression of luxCDABEGH (luciferase) operon.
The luciferase operon contains the genes required for luminescence. Luciferase is an oxidase consisting of alpha and beta subunits that catalyzes the emision of ligth. The luciferase enzyme with FMNH2 reduces a long chain fatty aldehyde producing the corresponding oxidized flavin and the corresponding fatty acid. A fatty acid oxido-reductase recycles the aldehyde substrate.
LuxC is the fatty acid reductase responsible for the synthesis of the aldehyde substrate.
LuxD is the acyl transferase part of the fatty acid reductase system required for aldehyde formation.
LuxA is the alpha chain of the luciferase heterodimer (alkanal monooxygenase alpha chain or bacterial luciferase alpha chain).
LuxB is the beta chain of the luciferase heterodimer (alkanal monooxygenase beta chain or bacterial luciferase beta chain).
LuxE is the component of the fatty acid reductase complex responsible for converting tetradecanoic acid to the aldehide substrate.
LuxG is likely a flavin reductase in the luminiscence system.
LuxH is the 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate synthase responsible of the riboflavin biosynthesis.
>73|P27246|Multiple antibiotic resistance protein marA|Escherichia coli O157:H7|AraC
Energy metabolism, carbon: aceE, aceF, ackA, acnA, aldA, fumC, glpD, gltA, mdaA, ndh, pflB, pgi, zwf.
Biosynthesis of cofactors carriers: accB, cobU, hemB, gshB, ribA, ribD.
Carbon compound catabolism: galK, galT.
Amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism: tnaA, tnaL.
Fatty acid biosynthesis: fabB.
Nucleotide biosynthesis: guaB, purA.
Adaptation: inaA.
Transport/binding proteins: gatA, gatC, fecA, mglB, mtr, srlA2, tolC, yadG, yadH, ydeA, b3469.
Protection responses: acrA, marA, marB, marR, nfnB, sodA, tpx.
Cell envelope: ompF, ompX.
Ribosome constituents: rimK, rplE.
Macromolecule synthesis: map.
Not classified: b0357, b0447, b0853, mdaB, yhbW.
Proteins with unknown function: 1448, b2530, b2889, b2948, ybjC, yfaE, yggJ.
>78|P10411|Melibiose operon regulatory protein|Escherichia coli O6|AraC
MelR activates the transcription of the melA and melB genes. MelA encodes an alpha-galactosidase, whereas melB encodes the melibiose transporter.
>80|P28809|MmsAB operon regulatory protein|Pseudomonas aeruginosa|AraC
mmsA and mmsB. mmsA encodes methyl-malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, which is involved in the distal pathway of valine catabolism.
It catalizes the NAD+ and CoA-dependent oxidative decarboxilation of methylmalonate semialdehyde to propionyl-CoA. mmsB and encodes 3-hydroxy-isobutyrate dehydrogenase.
>81|Q00753|Msm operon regulatory protein|Streptococcus mutans|AraC
MsmR regulates eight contiguous genes that are involved in the uptake and metabolism of multiple sugars: msmEFGK, aga, dexB and gftA. msmE encodes a 'periplasmic-like' sugar-binding protein, msmF, and  msmG encodes two membrane proteins, msmK encodes an ATP-binding protein; whereas aga encodes an alpha-galactosidase; dexB a dextran glucosidase and gtfA encodes a sucrose phosphorylaseA.
>82|P39897|HTH-type transcriptional regulator mtrR|Neisseria gonorrhoeae|TetR
MtrR is a repressor involved in regulation of the mtrCDE genes.
The mtrCDE operon encodes the MtrC-MtrD-MtrE efflux pump system that can recognize a broad range of substrates that includes structurally diverse antibiotics, dyes, detergents, bile salts, steroids and fatty acids, collectively known as hydrophobic antimicrobial agents.
This list includes certain antibacterial peptides that can assume beta-sheet (protegrin-1) or alpha-helical (PC-8 and LL37) structures.
Thereby mtrCDE efflux pump system is responsible for gonococcal resistance to hydrophobic antimicrobial agents (HAs).
The mtrC gene encodes the associated periplasmic-spanning membrane fusion protein.
The mtrD gene encodes an inner-membrane transporter belonging to the resistence/nodulation/cell dividion (RND) family.
MtrE is homolog to members of the outer membrane factor family (OMF). This protein would form a channel in the outer membrane.
MtrR might act directly or indirectly as a positive regulator of farAB gene expression.
It seems that resistance of gonococci to antibacterial long-chained fatty acids (FAs), such as palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid, is an mtr-independent process and that this resistance would be mediated by the tandemly linked farA and farB gene products.
The farAB operon encodes a FarA-FarB efflux pump system ,similar to the emrAB system of E.coli, that contributes to gonococcal fatty acid resistance.
The MtrE outer membrane protein serves as a component of the FarA-FarB efflux pump.
>90|P72171|Ornithine utilization regulator|Pseudomonas aeruginosa|AraC
Probably regulates the argJ gene that encodes ornithine acetyltransferase(OAcT).
It is plausible that OAcT serves to generate glutamate from ornithine.
>93|P40883|Regulatory protein pchR|Pseudomonas aeruginosa|AraC
PchR regulates the expression of the fptAgene. FptA is an outer membrane protein that acts as a receptor for ferric pyochelin. It is produced in response to iron limitation.
>97|Q05587|Regulatory protein pocR|Salmonella typhimurium|AraC
PocR regulates the pdu operon genes (controlling B12-dependent degradation of propanediol) and the divergent cob operon (controlling synthesis of cobalamin, B12).
PocR also regulates expression of pduF gene and of its own gene.
>100|P23217|HTH-type transcriptional regulator qacR|Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu50|TetR
QacR represses expression of qacA.
QacA protein is a multidrug exporter that confers resistance to a wide array of monovalent or divalent cationic, lipophilic, antimicrobial compounds via a proton motive force-dependent antiport mechanism.
QacA contains 14 transmembrane segments.
The presence of an acidic residue at amino acid 323 within the putative TMS 10 of the QacA protein plays a critical role in conveying resistance to divalent organic cations.
>108|P09378|L-rhamnose operon transcriptional activator rhaR|Escherichia coli|AraC
RhaR activates RhaSR expression. RhaS, in turn, activates expression of rhaBAD and rhaT operons required for the catabolism of L-rhamnose.
>110|P09377|L-rhamnose operon regulatory protein rhaS|Escherichia coli|AraC
RhaS activates transcription of the rhaBAD operon and rhaT gene. RhaT encodes the L-rhamnose transport protein. RhaBAD encodes the enzymes required for the catabolism of L-rhamnose.
>114|P16114|Regulatory protein rns|Escherichia coli|AraC
Rns is a transcriptional activator of the csoBACE operon which codes the proteins for CS1 or CS2 fimbriae in enterotoxigenic E. coli strains. Rns directly regulates the expression of CS1 fimbrae genes.
>115|P27292|Right origin-binding protein|Escherichia coli O157:H7|AraC
Rob can activate many of the same genes as SoxS and MarA.
The inaA, marRAB, aslB, ybaO, mdlA, yfhD, and ybiS genes are activated by Rob.
The galT gene is repressed by Rob.
>118|Q9R3W3|Transcriptional regulator sirC|Salmonella typhimurium|AraC
Overexpression of sirC or sirA restores expression of a subset of SPI1 genes, including invF and sspC, in the absence of HilA.
>120|P22539|Regulatory protein soxS|Escherichia coli O157:H7|AraC
AcnA (aconitase), micF (a regulatory DNA), sodA (manganese superoxide dismutase), fumC (fumarase C),inaA, fpr (NADPH-ferredoxin reductase), zwf (glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase), nfo (endonulcease IV), pqi-5, ribA (GTP cyclohydrolase).
>121|Q56143|Regulatory protein soxS|Salmonella typhimurium|AraC
SoxS activates at least 15 genes including sodA (Mn-containing superoxide dismutase), zwf (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), micF (antisense RNA to the porin OmpF mRNA), nfo (DNA repair endonuclease IV), fpr (NADPH: ferredoxin oxidoreductase), acrAB (efflux pump), acn (aconitase), fumC (heat-resistant fumarase), and nfsA (nitroreductase A). SoxS enhances resistance to multiple antibiotics through the induction of AcrAB and the inhibition of OmpF synthesis.
>122|P39885|HTH-type transcriptional regulator tcmR (Tetracenomycin C transcriptional repressor)|Streptomyces glaucescens|TetR
TcmR represses the expression of tcmA.
The tcmA, tetracenomycin resistence gene, encodes the TcmA protein that are thought to act as tetracenomycin C export pump powered by transmembrane electrochemical gradients.
It seems that Streptomyces glaucescens uses this mechanism to protect itself from the effects of tetracenomycin C. Exporting the antibiotic achieves the dual purpose of removing the hazard from the cell and placing the antibiotic in the environment in which it presumably confers a selective advantage to the organism.
>123|P29492|TCP pilus virulence regulatory protein|Vibrio cholerae|AraC
ToxT (TcpN) regulates the tcpABYCDZEFMONJ, jacfBC, tcpI, tcpH, acfA, acfD, ctxAB operons required for epithelial tissue colonization.
>124|P03038|Tetracycline repressor protein class A from transposon 1721|Escherichia coli|TetR
TetR is a tetracycline inducible regulator that represses the expression of both tet genes, tetR and tetA.
TetA is a tetracycline/metal-proton antiporter located in cytoplasmic membrane that confers resistance against tetracycline.
The resistance protein TetA couples the efflux of tetracycline in complex with a divalent metal ion (Mg2+) to the uptake of a proton.
>126|P04483|Tetracycline repressor protein class B from transposon Tn10|Escherichia coli|TetR
TetR is a tetracycline inducible regulator that represses the expression of both tet genes, tetR and tetA.
TetA is a tetracycline/metal-proton antiporter located in cytoplasmic membrane that confers resistance against tetracycline.
The resistance protein TetA couples the efflux of tetracycline in complex with a divalent metal ion (Mg2+) to the uptake of a proton.
>127|P03039|Tetracycline repressor protein class C|Escherichia coli|TetR
TetR is a tetracycline inducible regulator that represses the expression of both tet genes, tetR and tetA.
TetA is a tetracycline/metal-proton antiporter located in cytoplasmic membrane that confers resistance against tetracycline.
The resistance protein TetA couples the efflux of tetracycline in complex with a divalent metal ion (Mg2+) to the uptake of a proton.
>128|P09164|Tetracycline repressor protein class D|Escherichia coli|TetR
TetR is a tetracycline inducible regulator that represses the expression of both tet genes, tetR and tetA.
TetA is a tetracycline/metal-proton antiporter located in cytoplasmic membrane that confers resistance against tetracycline.
The resistance protein TetA couples the efflux of tetracycline in complex with a divalent metal ion (Mg2+) to the uptake of a proton.
>138|P43462|Probable thc operon regulatory protein|Rhodococcus erythropolis|AraC
ThcR is essential for thcB expression. ThcB is the structural gene for the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase. A cytochrome P-450 system in Rhodococcus strains, encoded by thcB, thcC, and thcD, participates in the degradation of thiocarbamates and several other pesticides like carbofuran, atrazine and simazine.
>146|Q02458|Urease operon transcriptional activator|Proteus mirabilis|AraC
UreR is a transcriptional activator of the ureDABCEFG operon for urease production.
>151|Q04248|Virulence regulon transcriptional activator virF|Shigella dysenteriae|AraC
VirF activates at least two promoters, virB and virG. In a cascade model VirF activates transcription of VirB which activates several operons encoding the invasion genes. VirB is an activator of the ipaABCD regulon.
>166|P07859|XylDLEGF operon transcriptional activator|Pseudomonas putida|AraC
XylS activates the genes xylXYZLTEGFJQKIH of the operon for the meta-cleavage pathway required by the benzoate/alkylbenzoates degradation.
>167|Q04710|XylDLEGF operon transcriptional activator 1|Pseudomonas putida|AraC
In presence of effector (benzoate, 3-methyl- and 3-chlorobenzoate and 2,3-dimethylbenzoate) xylS1 activates the transcription of the meta-1 and meta-2 operons involved in the degradation of benzoate and 3-methylbenzoate.
>170|Q05335|XYLDLEGF operon transcriptional activator 3|Pseudomonas putida|AraC
XylS3 activates the expression of the meta-1 and meta-2 operons.
>172|P55449|Putative HTH-type transcriptional regulator y4fK|Rhizobium sp. NGR234|AraC
The nodD3 gene is probably the most important transcriptional regulator for nodulation of Phaseolus vulgaris.
>188|P43461|Putative HTH-type transcriptional regulator in cgkA 5'region (Fragment)|Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora|AraC
YcgK probably regulates the structural cgkA gene encoding kappa-carrageenase from the marine bacterium Alteromonas carrageenovora (ATCC 43555), a hydrolase involved in the degradation of kappa-carrageenan.
>248|O30343|Hemagglutinin/protease regulatory protein|Vibrio cholerae|TetR
The product of the gene aphA is a transcriptional activator of the tcpPH operon expression.
The products of the tcpPH operon, where expression is indirectly repressed by HapR through AphA, are two membrane proteins, TcpP is able to bind to the toxT promoter, estimulating toxT expression.
The gene hap encodes a secreted soluble haemagglutinin with zinc metalloprotease activity, called HA protease. HA protease nicks and activate the A subunit of cholera toxin. It has been postulated that HAP mediates detachment of the vibrios from host cell surfaces. HAP also cleaves several other important substrates, such as lactoferrin, fibronectin and mucin.
>253|O33453|CymR|Pseudomonas putida|TetR
Pseudomonas putida F1 uses p-cymene in an 11-step pathway through the conversion of p-cumate to isobutyrate, pyruvate, and acetyl coenzyme A. The cym operon encodes the conversion of p-cymene to p-cumate, and the cmt operon encodes the futher catabolism of p-cumate.
The cym operon contains six genes in the order cymBCAaAbDE. This operon encodes the conversion of p-cymene (p-isopropyltoluene) to p-cumate (p-isopropilbezoate). cymAa and cymAb encode the two components of p-cymene monooxygenase, a hydroxylase and a reductase, respectively; cymB encodes p-cumic alcohol dehydrogenase; cymC encodes p-cumic aldehyde dehydrogenase; cymD encodes a putative outer membrane protein related to gene products of other aromatic hydrocarbon catabolic operons, which have an unknown function in p-cymene catabolism; and cymE encodes an acetyl coenzyme A synthetase whose role in this pathway is also unknown.
The cmt operon contains twelve genes in the order cmtAaAbAcCBAdDIEFHG. This operon encodes the catabolism of p-cumate (p-isopropilbezoate). The first three genes, cmtAaAbAc, and cmtAd, encode the components of p-cumate 2,3-dioxygenase (ferredoxin reductase, a large subunit of the terminal dioxygenase, a small subunit of the terminal dioxygenase, and ferredoxin, respectively); cmtC encodes 2,3-dihydroxy-p-cumate 3,4-dioxygenase; cmtB codes for 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumate dehydrogenase; cmtD encodes a decarboxylase that acts over the ring cleavage product 2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate; cmtI has an unknown function; cmtEFHG, encodes 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate hydrolase, 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate hydratase, 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase, and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, respectively, which transform the decarboxylation product to amphibolic intermediates.
>255|O51847|Regulatory protein|Pseudomonas putida|AraC
IpbR probably activates the transcription of the ipb operon (ipbAaAbAcAdBCEGFHD) that encodes enzymes catalyzing the conversion of isopropylbenzene to isobutyrate, pyruvate and acetyl-coenzyme A, as well as an outer membrane protein (IpbH) of unknown function.
>256|O52558|RifQ|Amycolatopsis mediterranei|TetR
The product of rifP is the rifamycin efflux protein, RifP.
>258|O52834|AlcR (Alcaligin siderophore system regulator)|Bordetella bronchiseptica|AraC
The alcABC genes are cotranscribed and comprise part of an iron-regulated operon. AlcA is an oxygenase catalyzing the hydroxylation of putrescine; AlcB is involved in an acylation step with succinate, and AlcC is similar to the IucC aerobactin synthetase and may be involved in one of the final steps in alcaligin biosynthesis.
>259|O52846|XylS/AraC transcriptional regulator|Bacillus megaterium|AraC
BgaR activates the transcription of bgaM.
>262|O68276|Putative DNA-binding protein Bm1P1|Bacillus megaterium|TetR
P450BM-1 is a barbiturate-inducible P450 monooxygenase.
Cytochromes P450 (P450BM-3 and P450BM-1) catalyze the hydroxylation of fatty acids.
The role of cytochrome P450s in the life cycle of Bacillus megaterium remains unclear. As a fatty acid mono-oxygenase, it may be involved in the biosynthesis of specific fatty acids required for normal homeostasis or provide a protection mechanism against the harmful accumulation of the endogenously or exogenously produced fatty acids.
>263|O68442|Regulatory protein|Agrobacterium tumefaciens|TetR
The genetic locus ifeABR contributes significantly to the ecological competence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens 1D1609 in its normal habitats by reducing cellular accumulation of isoflavonoids.
ifeA encodes a putative transmembrane efflux pump protein.
ifB encodes a putative membrane-fusion protein.
>269|O70020|IcaR|Staphylococcus epidermidis|TetR
To be able to form biofilms, Staphyloccocus epidermidis needs to synthetize and secrete polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) that mediate cellular accumulation in the biofilm. The PIA is synthetized by the products encoded by the ica operon.
Little is known about the function of the IcaABCD proteins.
IcaA, C and D are located in the membrane fraction. IcaB is mainly present in the culture supernatant. IcaA contains 4 transmembrane segments and has  N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase activity with UDP-N-acetylglucosamine as substrate. IcaA alone has only low transferase activity; when icaA is co-expressed with icaD the transferase activity increases 20-fold. IcaD might be a chaperone that directs the correct folding and membrane insertion of IcaA and, in addition, migth act as a link between IcaA and IcaC. IcaC is very likely an integral membrane protein with 10 transmembrane segments, its function is unknown but might be involved in the translocation of the polyssacharide through the cytoplasmic membrane. IcaB shows similatity with deacetylases but is role remains unknown.
>278|P72185|Repressor protein|Propionibacterium freudenreichii|TetR
The product of the hemX gene resembles a family of antibitic-resistance proteins that includes the tetracenomycin-C-resistance protein from Streptomyces glaucescens, the methylenomycin-resistance protein from Streptomyces coelicolor and the lincomycin-resistance protein from Streptomyces licolnensis. These proteins confer resistance by pumping the antibiotic out of the cell.
>279|P72312|Nitrilase regulator|Rhodococcus rhodochrous|AraC
NitR activates the transcription of nitA that encodes the nitrilase gene.
>283|Q07681|Transcriptional activator AfrR|Escherichia coli|AraC
AfrR and AfrS probably interact to activate afrA, the gene encoding the structural subunit of AF/R1 pili.
>291|Q8KLP4|Repressor|Stenotrophomonas maltophilia|TetR
The operon smeDEF encodes a multidrug efflux pump that contributes to intrinsic antimicrobial reistance in this organism.
>310|Q8KX64|Luminescence regulator LitR|Vibrio fischeri|TetR
LitR is able to bind a region of DNA that encompasses the Vibrio fisheri luxR promoter.
LuxR is a transcriptional activator of bioluminescence operon, that binds the OHHL autoinducer.
Vibrio fischeri luxR (and luxI, the gene which encodes the autoinducer) are inmediatly upstream of the lux operon.
>328|Q8VQC6|VanT|Listonella anguillarum|TetR
VanT positively regulates expression of the metalloprotease gene empA.
The gene empA encodes an extracellular zinc metalloprotease, EmpA, highly similar to the haemoagglutinin protease of Vibrio cholerae.
EmpA is an important virulence factor for Vibrium anguillarum.
VanT regulates, activating, expression of vps73, serA and hpdA genes.
VanT acts a positive regulator of the genes sat-vps73, which are involved in biofilm formation.
The product of the gene serA is similar to 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenases and catalyzes the first step in the serine-glycene biosynthesis pathway.
The product of the gene hgdA has identity with homogentisate dioxygenases.
The product of the gene hpdA is homologous to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenases involved in pigment production.
>335|Q8VVJ2|TetR protein|Corynebacterium glutamicum|TetR
The product gene tetA(33) is an hypotetical protein with 12 transmembrane segments with high homology to tetracycline efflux proteins of the efflux group 1. The highest similarity was observed to the TetA(Z) protein from the Corynebacterium glutamicum R-plasmid pAG1.
>383|Q93TU7|Transcriptional repressor|Rhodococcus sp. NCIMB 9784|TetR
It is possible that campR encodes a repressor protein that controls expression of the expression of genes implicated in the biodegradation of camphor: camK, campD and campC.
camK is the gene situated inmediately upstream of campR. The product of camK is the enzyme 6-oxocamphor hydroxylase, which catalyzes the desymmetrization of 6-oxocamphor to yield (2R,4S)-alpha-campfolinic acid. This enzyme belongs to the crotonase superfamily.
campD is inmediately downstream and apparently transcriptionally coupled to camK and it encodes a small protein that displays homolgy to dehydrogenase enzymes and is similar to FAD-binding enzymes.
campC is situated downstream of campD and encodes a putative non-specific lipid carrier-like protein.
>387|Q46985|Regulator of the 4HPA-hydroxylase operon|Escherichia coli|AraC
HpaA regulates expression of the hpaB and hpaC genes. These genes appear to be part of an operon that encodes two proteins that are required for the hydroxylase activity. This aromatic hydroxylase is NADH-dependent and uses FAD as the electron donor.
>388|Q47074|BfpT protein|Escherichia coli|AraC
BfpT activates bfpA (bundle-forming pilus A) and possibly eaeA. Maximal induction requires the products of the bfpV and bfpW genes.
>392|Q51543|PobR protein|Pseudomonas aeruginosa|AraC
PobR probably regulates the pobA gene which encodes the p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase.
>393|Q51597|Cam repressor|Pseudomonas putida|TetR
The P-450cam hydroxylase operon (camDCAB) of Pseudomonas putida PgG1 encodes proteins responsible for early steps of the D-camphor degradation pathway for catabolism of camphor to isobutyrate.
D-Camphor is first oxidazed to 5-exo-hydroxycamphor by a multicomponent monooxygenase system made of: (1) NADH-putidaredoxin reductase, encoded by the camA gene; (2) putidaredoxin encoded by the camB gene; and cytochrome P-450cam, encoded by the camD gene. The product of the second degradation step is the conversion of the alcohol to 2,5-diketocamphane, which is dehydrogenated by 5-exo-hydroxycamphor dehydrogenase, encoded by the camD gene.
>405|Q56153|JadR2|Streptomyces venezuelae|TetR
It seems that jadR2 is a repressor of jadR1.
JadR1 is similar to members of the OmpR-PhoB subfamily of response regulator proteins.
>407|Q56790|HrpXv|Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria|AraC
The hrpB, hrpC, hrpD and hrpF genes are involved in hypersensitive reactions and pathogenesis.
>408|Q56801|Hrp protein (Fragment)|Xanthomonas campestris|AraC
HrpXv is necessary for activating transcription of the five hrp loci, from hrpB to hrpF. Induction of hrpA , which is located at the left border of the hrp cluster, is independent on HrpXc.
>416|Q60011|Virginiae butanolide receptor|Streptomyces virginiae|TetR
BarA is the receptor protein for the butyrolactones autoregulators named virginiae butanolides (VBs) that control virginiamycin production in Streptomyces virginiae.
BarB is a repressor belonging to the TetR family of transcriptional regulators.
BarB is the second step in the signal transduction pathway of the autoinduce VB leading finally to virginiamycin production.
>840|Q9AIQ9|IcaR|Staphylococcus caprae|TetR
Litle is known about the funtion of the IcaABCD proteins.
IcaA, C and D are located in the membrane fraction. IcaB is mainly present in the culture supernatant. IcaA contains 4 transmembrane segments and has  N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase activity with UDP-N-acetylglucosamine as substrate. IcaA alone has only low transferase activity. When icaA is co-expressed with icaD transferase activity increases 20-fold. IcaD could acts a chaperone directing the correct folding and membrane insertion of IcaA and, in addition, if might act as a link between IcaA and IcaC. IcaC is very likely an integral membrane protein with 10 transmembrane segments, its function is unknown but it might be involved in the translocation of the polyssacharide through the cytoplasmic membrane. IcaB shows similatity with deacetylases but is role remains unknown.
>841|Q9AIU0|Regulatory protein TtgR|Pseudomonas putida|TetR
It seems that TtgR might repress its own expression.
The ttgABC operon, whose expression is repressed by TtgR, encodes the three components of the RND family efflux pump TtgABC involved in organic solvent and multiple antibiotics resistance.
The ttgB product belongs to the membrane fusion protein family, which connects the pump directly to an outer membrane protein that probably functions as a channel to pump out solute molecules directly ino the medium.
>842|Q9AJ68|Putative transcriptional repressor ButR|Streptomyces cinnamonensis|TetR
ccr encodes the crotonyl-CoA reductase which major role is providing butyryl-CoA from acetate for the synthesis of the polyketide monomesin A.
>844|Q9AJL5|VarR|Streptomyces virginiae|TetR
The varS gene encodes an specific virginiamycin S efflux protein with 14 transmembrane segments.
>851|Q9AMH9|Putative repressor simReg2 (Sim16)|Streptomyces antibioticus|TetR
The product of the simEx1 genes resembles that of transporters known as proton-dependent transporters of different drugs.
SimEx1 shows similarity to LanJ from Streptomyces cyanogenus and UrdJ from Streptomyces fradiae.
>852|Q9ANS7|LuxT|Vibrio harveyi|TetR
LuxT is a repressor of the luxO expression.
LuxO belongs to a large family referred to as the sigma 54-dependent family of transcriptional regulators.
LuxO is the central regulator integrating the quorum sensing signal controlling autoinduction of luminescence in Vibrio harveyi.
LuxO in its phosphorylated form, at low cell density, acts as a repressor of the induction of luminescence. As the cell density increases, the autoinducers accumulate in the culture medium and LuxN and luxQ act as phosphatase and dephosphorylate LuxO which results in the induction of the lux operon.
>862|Q9EVJ6|Repressor protein MphR(A)|Escherichia coli|TetR
The mph(A)and mrx genes confer a high level of resistance to erythromycin.
mph(A) encodes the macrolide-2’-phosphotransferase I, Mph(A), formerly MPH(2’)I, which is a strong inactivator of 14-member ring macrolides such as erythromycin and oleandomycin.
mrx encodes a hidrofobic protein, but its function remains to be determined.
>866|Q9F0Y2|Pip|Streptomyces coelicolor|TetR
pep cofers, in vivo, elevated levels of resistance only to pristinamycin I (PI).
pep encodes a major facilitator antiporter homologous to ptr from Streptomyces pristinaespiralis.
>879|Q9F6W0|CasR|Rhizobium etli|TetR
The gene casA encodes a calmodulin-like and secreted protein termed calsymin.
Calsymin posseses three repeated homolous domain. Each domain contains two predicted EF-hand Ca2+-binding motifs.
Calsymin is implicated in the development of bacteroids during symbiosis and symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
>893|Q9FA56|Putative regulator (Fragment)|Azoarcus evansii|TetR
The paa genes are responsible for the aerobic phenylacetic acid catabolic pathway.
>897|Q9K4R5|EbdR protein|Pseudomonas putida|AraC
EbdR probably regulates the transcription of the ebd genes that encode six putative enzymes (EbdAaAbAcAdBC).
>903|Q9KIH5|Putative regulator|Rhizobium etli|TetR
The rmrAB operon resembles the multidrug resistance loci from microbial pathogens that confer resistance against flavonoid phytoalexins and salicylic acid in Rhizobium etli.
The rmrAB operon encodes an inducible export system that prevents the accumulation of toxic plant compounds, such as flavonoid phytoalexins and salicylic acid, within the bacterial cell, thereby conferring adventages to  Rhizobium etli for bean nodulation.
rmrA encodes a putative membrane fusion protein.
rmrB encodes a putative drug-resistance protein.
>906|Q9KJC4|ArpR|Pseudomonas putida|TetR
ArpABC in Pseudomonas putida S12 seems to be involved in multidrug resistance and not in tolerance towards organic solvents.
>907|Q9KK00|AraC-like regulatory protein|Pseudomonas sp. JR1|AraC
Transcription of the ipb operon in Pseudomonas sp. JR1 is regulated by the AraC/XylS-like regulatory IpbR protein.
>911|Q9KWH8|AdpA homolog (Fragment)|Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)|AraC
By similarity to AdpA of Streptomyces griseus, AdpA of Streptomyces coelicolor probably activates the transcription of strR, a pathway-specific regulatory gene responsible for the transcription of streptomycin biosynthetic genes.
>918|Q9L6K7|Putative activator protein SefR|Salmonella enteritidis|AraC
SefR activates the transcription of the sef operon. The operon contains four structural genes (sefABCD) required for the translocation and biogenesis of SEF14 fimbriae: sefA encodes the major subunit, sefB and sefC encode the chaperone and usher, respectively, and sefD encodes the putative adhesin.
>921|Q9L7Y6|BenR|Pseudomonas putida|AraC
BenR activates the expression of benABC in response to benzoate.
BenR activates expression of the TOL plasmid-encoded meta-cleavage pathway operon.
BenR is required for benzoate-mediated repression of 4-hydroxybenzoate degradation, repressing the 4-hydroxybenzoate-inducible expression of the 4-hydroxybenzoate transport protein PcaK. The effects of BenR in repressing transcription from the pcaK promoter may be indirect.
>923|Q9L8G8|SmcR (VvpR)|Vibrio vulnificus|TetR
ScmR acts activating the transcription of vvp.
The gene vvp encodes VVP, an extracellular metalloprotease that belongs to a family of zinc metalloproteases that includes the Vibrio cholerae haemagglutinin protease and Vibrio anguillarum EmpA.
It is now known that VVP facilitates growth of the organism during infection, by digestion of heme-protein complexes, thereby allowing the liberation of heme and its subsequent uptake. In addition, VVP has been shown to enhance vascular permeability and edematous skin lesions through the release of bradykinin and histamine from mast cell. VVP can also specifically degrade type IV collagen, thereby disrupting the backbone structure of the basal membrane layer of capillary vessels. Owing to its role in invasion and dissemination, as well as iron utilization, it is extremely likely that the V. vulnificus metalloprotease is an important virulence factor.
ScmR acts repressing the transcription of vvhA in a phase-dependent manner.
The gene vvhA encodes a cytolytic hemolysin that is an important virulence factor. Hemolysin can lyse red blood cells from a variety of animal species by forming small pores in the cytoplasmic membrane. Hemolysin also shows cytolytic activity against cultured cell lines.
The vvhBA genes are cotranscribed. This transcription is growth phase dependent, and that vvhBA transcription is initiated at a single site. Binding of CRP directly to the upstream portion of vvhBA was demonstrated. Hemolysin production in V. vulnificus is repressed by adding glucose to the culture medium and that expression is derepressed by the addition of cAMP. These results suggested that hemolysin synthesis is regulated by cAMP-CRP (cAMP receptor protein).
>959|Q9R2F3|Xyls/AraC-type transcriptional activator|Acinetobacter sp. NCIMB9871|AraC
ChnR regulates the chnB gene which is the structural gene for cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO).
>963|Q9R9T9|Efflux pump regulator SrpR|Pseudomonas putida|TetR
SrpABC makes a major contribution to solvent tolerance in Pseudomonas putida S12.
In Pseudomonas putida S12, the sprABC genes encode a solvent efflux pump responsible for the extrusion of uncharged lipophilic compounds like toluene.
>965|Q9RA03|Hypothetical repressor protein KstR|Rhodococcus erythropolis|TetR
The kstD gene encodes a 3-ketosteroid dehydrogenase that acts in the bioconversion of phytosterols.
>966|Q9RAJ1|Inactive regulatory protein|Mycobacterium sp. GP1|TetR
dhaA from Mycobacterium sp. strain GP1 encodes a haloalkane dehalogenase, constitutively expressed, that catalizes the conversion of 1,2-dibromoethane to 2-bromoethane, which is futher metabolized via ethylene oxide.
>982|Q9RP98|Regulatory protein|Streptomyces fradiae|TetR
urdJ encodes a putative export protein for urdamycin A.
urdJ is similar to lanJ.
>983|Q9RPK9|TarA|Streptomyces tendae|TetR
TarA negatively regulates its own synthesis.
>988|Q9S166|AdpA|Streptomyces griseus|AraC
AdpA activates the transcription of strR. The StrR protein is a pathway-specific transcriptional activator that activates transcription of most of the streptomycin biosynthetic genes. A gene encoding an extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor is also a target of AdpA. The ECF sigma factors are a subgroup of the primary sigma 70 family and are environmentally responsive transcriptional regulators. This ECF sigma factor is a member of the A-factor regulatory cascade, concerns only with aerial mycelium formation and not with secondary metabolism.
>995|Q9WW32|MtrA|Neisseria gonorrhoeae|AraC
MtrA probably activates transcription of the mtr (multiple transferable resistance) gene cluster which encodes an energy-dependent efflux pump composed of the MtrC, MtrD and MtrE cell envelope proteins that serves to export structurally diverse antimicrobial, hydrophobic agents.
>998|Q9X421|Xylose regulatory protein|Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis|AraC
XylR probably regulates the transcription of the xylRAB operon.
>1001|Q9X545|Tetracycline repressor protein TetR|Corynebacterium glutamicum|TetR
The product gene tetA(Z) is an hypotetical protein with 12 transmembrane segments with high homology to tetracycline efflux protein TetA(A) of the transposon Tn1721 from Escherichia coli.
The highest similarity of TetA(Z) was the TetA(33) protein from the Corynebacterium glutamicum plasmid pTET3.
>1008|Q9X9I4|Yersiniabactin transcriptional regulator, YbtA|Yersinia enterocolitica|AraC
This protein probably regulates genes of the high-pathogenicity island (HPI), which mediate biosynthesis and uptake of the yersiniabactin siderophore.
>1011|Q9XCC5|Hypothetical transcriptional regulator TylQ|Streptomyces fradiae|TetR
TylR protein is a global activator of the tylosin biosynthetic pathway.
>1012|Q9XCC7|Gamma-butyrolactone receptor protein TylP|Streptomyces fradiae|TetR
TylQ is a repressor belonging to the TetR family that controls tylR a global activator of the tyl cluster.
TylS is a pathway-specific regulatory protein for tyloxin biosynthesis that belongs to the Streptomyces Antibiotic Regulatory Protein family (SARP).
TlrD is one of the four resistance determinants of Streptomyces fradiae that protect them from their own synthetized tylosin. TlrD is a methyltransferase that add single methyl groups ar 23S rRNA.
TylMIII is an hypothetical NDP hexose 3,4 isomerase.
TylO is a type II thioesterase.
>1020|Q9Z3Y6|PhbR|Pseudomonas sp. 61-3|AraC
PhbR regulates the genes included in the phb locus, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthase (PhbC), beta-ketothiolase (PhbA), and NADPH-dependent acetoacetyl coenzyme A reductase (PhbB).
>1024|Q9Z601|RegN|Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102|TetR
DevR is a response regulator protein that functions in a phosphorelay signal transduction system involved in heterocyst development in Nostoc punctiformis ATCC29133.
>1025|Q9Z676|Regulatory protein GdhBR|Pantoea citrea|AraC
gdhB mRNA is not detected in the stationary growth phase when GdhBR is inactivated.
The product of the gdhB gene is a glucose dehydrogenase.
>1033|Q9ZGB7|LanK|Streptomyces cyanogenus|TetR
LanJ would be a proton-dependent transporter for landomycin A.
In Streptomyces venezuelae it seems that JadR2, equivalent to LanK, represses the expression of jadR1, equivalent to lanI.
LanK could repress the expression of lanI by similarity.
>1368|O30507|Arginine regulatory protein (Transcriptional regulator ArgR) (ArgR regulatory protein)|Pseudomonas aeruginosa|AraC
ArgR induces the aotJQMOP operon, the aru operon, the car operon and argF.
The aot operon includes the aotJ, aotQ, aotM, and aotP genes that show high similarity to those of the components of the periplasmic binding protein-dependent ABC (ATP binding cassette) transporters of enteric bacteria, the aotO gene, which encodes a polypeptide with no significant similarity to any known protein, and the argR gene.
The aru operon includes the aruC, aruF, aruG, aruD, aruB, and aruE genes in that same order. AruC encodes the N2-succinylornithine 5-aminotransferase, the aruF and aruG genes encode the AruAI and AruAII subunits of arginine and ornithine, N2-succinyltransferases, aruD the N-succinylglutamate 5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, aruB the N2- succinylarginine dihydrolase and aruE the N-succinylglutamate desuccinylase.
ArgR activates the gdhB gene which encodes the NAD(+)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD-GDH).
The car operon encodes carbamoylphosphate synthetase (CPS).
The argF operon encodes anabolic ornithine cabamoyltransferase (alpha-OTC).
>1369|O31249|Transcriptional regulator of XylS /AraC family (XylS/AraC family)|Acinetobacter sp. ADP1|AraC
AlkR regulates the alkM gene, which encodes the terminal alkane hydroxylase.
>1383|O50285|OpaR|Vibrio parahaemolyticus|TetR
OpaR may be a regulator necessary for the expression of genes responsible for capsular polysaccharide production.
The gene products that are responsible for Vibrio parahaemolyticus opaque-translucent phenotypes, and that presumably are regulated by OpaR, have not been identified.
>1386|O52066|AlcR (Transcriptional regulator)|Bordetella pertussis|AraC
alcABC genes are cotranscribed and comprise part of an iron-regulated operon. AlcA is an oxygenase catalyzing the hydroxylation of putrescine. AlcB is involved in an acylation step with succinate, and AlcC is similar to the LucC aerobactin synthetase which may be involved in one of the final steps in alcaligin biosynthesis.
>1431|O86852|Gamma-butyrolactone binding protein|Streptomyces coelicolor|TetR
ScbR regulates its own transcription and that of scbA.
The gene scbA is an Streptomyces coelicolor homologue of asfA from Streptomyces griseus (which directs the synthesis of the gamma-butyrolactone A-factor).
scbA directs the synthesis of the gamma-butyrolactone SCB1, the specific ligand of ScbR.
The system ScbR/SCB1 controls the production of actinorhodin and undecylprodigiosin, the two pigmented antibitics made by Streptomyces coelicolor.
ScbR regulate biosynthesis of actinorhodin and undecylprodigiosin, in a indirectly way.
>2160|Q53901|ActII protein (Putative transcriptional regulatory protein)|Streptomyces coelicolor|TetR
The actII-2 and actII-3 genes encode a efflux transport system that appears to be involved in actinorhodin export to the outer medium.
The product of the gene actII-2 is a putative transmembrane protein with 12 hydrophobic segments that would act as an actinorhodin transporter. This protein shows high value of similarity with the product of the methylenomycin resistance gene, mmr, from Streptomyces coelicolor.
The product of the gene actII-3 may be functionally coupled with that of actII-2 in the secretion of the actinorhodin from the cells.
>2162|Q56951|AraC-like regulator YbtA (Transcriptional regulator YbtA)|Yersinia pestis|AraC
YbtA activates the transcription of the pesticin receptor psn gene. Psn confers sensitivity to bacteriocin, pesticin, and is involved in acquisition of inorganic iron 37ºC.
Yersinia pestis synthesizes a siderophore called yersiniabactin (Ybt), involved in iron acquisition during growth at 37ºC. The genes required for the synthesis and utilization of Ybt are located within a large, unstable region in the chromosome of Y. pestis called the pgm locus. Within the pgm locus, just upstream of the ybtA gene an operon consisting of 4 genes (ybtP, ybtQ, ybtX and ybtS) was found. Transcription of the ybtPQXS operon is repressed by Fur and activated by YbtA.
>4196|Q9F8V9|TetR family bacterial regulatory protein|Agrobacterium tumefaciens|TetR
The gene ameA encodes a protein homologous to members of a family of membrane fusion proteins. These include AcrR of Escherichia coli, MexA, MexC and MexE of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, TtgA, TtgD and SrpA of Pseudomonas putida.
The gene ameB encodes a protein homologous to members of the RND-type transporters. These include AcrB of Escherichia coli, MexB, MexD and MexF of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, TtgB, TtgE and SrpB of Pseudomonas putida.
The gene ameC encodes a protein homologous to members of the outer membrane factors family. These include three NodT proteins of Rhizobium leguminosarum, OmpM, OmpN and OmpJ of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, TtgC, TtgF and SrpC of Pseudomonas putida.
The physiological role of the Ame efflux system is unclear.
>4308|Q9JN89|Hypothetical protein mmfR (Putative lactone-dependent transcriptional regulator (TetR-family), MmfR)|Streptomyces coelicolor|TetR
The product of the gene mmfL is a putative gamma-butyrolactone biosynthesis protein.
MmfR shows high similarity to ScbA (SCB1 biosynthesis protein) from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), to a putative gamma-butyrolactone biosynthesis protein from Streptomyces avermitilis, to an A-factor biosynthesis protein AfsA homolog from Streptomyces rochae, BarX from Streptomyces virginiae and to FarX from Streptomyces sp.
>4834|16131152|putative transcriptional regulator|Escherichia coli K12|TetR
EnvR seems to be a transcriptional repressor of the acrEF operon (formerly envCD).
The acrEF operon encodes the components of an efflux pump implicated in multidrug resistance with a substrate range similar to that of AcrAB expelling basic dyes and antibiotics including erythromycin, chloramphenicol and novobiocin.
The AcrEF system plays a significant role in indole efflux.
The AcrEF efflux pump is involved in solvent resistance in Escherichia coli.
The AcrEF efflux pump requires TolC to improve the solvent resistance.
>4926|16077337|transcriptional regulator|Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168|TetR
LamrB is a linkomycin resistance protein that endows resistance to lincomycin through a drug efflux system.
>5056|15597216|probable transcriptional regulator|Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1|TetR
The genes amrAB contribute to the intrinsic resistance of this organism to aminoglycosides.
The gene amrA encodes a RND multidrug efflux membrane fusion protein.
The gene amrB encodes a RND multidrug efflux transporter.
The amr locus lack of and OMP ("outer membrane protein"). There are many potential choices for an OMP that will function with the AmrAB pump.
>5116|15600252|probable transcriptional regulator|Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1|TetR
PhaD is an important for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis that seems to act preventing expression or binding of major granule proteins, like PhaI.
>5460|15928251|ica operon transcriptional regulator IcaR|Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus N315|TetR
The ica operon is required for biofilm formation in S. aureus.
The ica operon is reponsible for the symthesis of an polysaccharide intercellular compound that acts as the slime in the biofilm formation.
The ica operon is present in nearly all S. aureus strains tested.
The knowledge of the funtion of the IcaABCD proteins is not fully understood.
IcaA, C and D are located in the membrane fraction. IcaB is mainly present in the culture supernatant. IcaA contains 4 transmembrane segments and has N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase activity with UDP-N-acetylglucosamine as substrate. IcaA alone has only low transferase activity. When icaA is co-expressed with icaD, transferase activity increases 20-fold. IcaD could act as a chaperone directing the correct folding and membrane insertion of IcaA and, in addition, it might act as a link between IcaA and IcaC. IcaC is very likely an integral membrane protein, with 10 transmembrane segments, its function is unknown, but it might be involved in the translocation of the polysaccharide through the cytoplasmic membrane. IcaB shows some similatities with deacetylases, but is role remains unknown.
>6026|26991683|transcriptional regulator, TetR family|Pseudomonas putida KT2440|TetR
PhaD is important for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis because it seems to act preventing expression or binding of major granule proteins, like PhaI.
>6853|19552090|transcriptional regulator|Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032|TetR
The amt gene encodes a bacterial ammonium uptake system.
amtB (amtP) encodes a low affinity ammonium uptake protein.
glnK encodes the nitrogen regulatory protein P-II2 (GlnK) that indirectly controls the transcription of the glutamine synthetase I gene, glnA. Glutamine synthetase I (GSI) is the central enzyme for the assimilation of ammonium under nitrogen limiting conditions.
glnD encodes the protein-PII2 uridylyltransferase, that modifies protein P-II2 (GlnK) by uridylylation or deuridylylation.
GlnK and GlnD are the key components of the regulation system in Corynebacterium glutamicum. GlnK is essential for nitrogen control. Signal transduction occurs by uridylylation of this protein by GlnD.
>6871|19554126|transcriptional regulator|Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032|TetR
mcbR seems to control the expression of six genes: metY encoding O-acetyl-L-homoserine sulfhydrylase, metK encoding S-adenosyl-methionine synthethase, hom encoding homoserine dehydrogenase, cysK encoding L-cysteine synthase, cysI encoding an NADPH dependant sulfite reductase, and ssuD encoding an alkanesulfonate monooxygenase. All of these proteins are key enzymes for the biosynthesis of the sulfur-containing amino acids L-cysteine and L-methionine including sulfonate utilization and sulfite reduction.
>7937|28872258|transcriptional regulator PhaD|Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000|TetR
PhaD is important for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis because it seems to act preventing expression or binding of major granule proteins, like PhaI.
>9416|O24741|FarA|Streptomyces sp. FRI-5|TetR
FarA acts as a DNA binding transcriptional regulator that controls its own synthesis.
FarA plays an important role in the regulation of the biosynthetic genes for the production of antibiotics showdomycin and minimycin and D-cycloserine and a blue pigment. Whether that regulation is directly or indirectly remain to be determined.
FarA is necessary for IM-2 biosynthesis.
>9417|P13225|Virulence regulon transcriptional activator virF|Yersinia enterocolitica|AraC
The yop, yadA and ysc genes form the yop regulon controlled by VirF.